Cables And Wires
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Cables And Wires
What is cable and wire?
The basic key difference between wires and cables is that a wire is a single conductor whereas a cable is a group of conductors. Although, these conductors are made of a common material- copper or aluminium. Usually, the wires are bare and are twisted. But, some of the wires are coated with thin PVC layer.
The cable that is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical power is known as the electrical power cable. It is used for the transmission of high voltages in places where overhead lines are impractical to use.
The power cable is made of three main components, namely, conductor, dielectric, and sheath. The conducting path for the current in the cable is provided by the conductor. The insulation or dielectric withstands the service voltage and isolates the live conductor with other objects. The sheath does not allow the moistures to enter and protects the cables from all external influences like chemical or electrochemical attacks and fire.
Different uses of Cable and Wire
Use of Wire
A wire is used to carry electricity, to bear the mechanical loads, to transmit telecommunication signals, for heating jewellery, clothing, automotive or any industrial manufactured parts like pins, bulbs and needles.
Use of Cable
A cable is used for power transmission, for telecommunication signals or to carry electricity.
Different advantages of using Cable and Wire
Advantages of Wire
Using solid wire is perfect in case of higher frequencies and it offers low resistance and cost. And the standard wire shows high resistance to the metal.
Advantages of Cable
Cables are heavy duty, well insulated and have higher strength.
Cables are classified into 5 types depending upon their purpose as follows:
- Ribbon Electric Cables
- Shielded Cables
- Twisted Pair Cables
- Coaxial Cables
- Fibre Optics Cable
Ribbon Electric Cables
It consists of multiple insulated wires running parallel with one another and is used for transmission of multiple data simultaneously. For example, this is used to connect the CPU with the motherboard and is generally used for the interconnection of networking devices.
Shielded Cables
It consists of 1 or 2 insulated wires which are covered by a woven braided shield or aluminium Mylar foil for better signal transmission and removing irregularities in the frequency of power and external interference in radio. These cables transmit high voltage electric current and are protected by a shield.
Twisted Pair Cables
It has two or more insulated copper wires which are twisted with each other and are colour-coded. These types of wires are usually used in telephone cables and the resistance to external interference can be measured by the number of wires.
Coaxial Cables
This consists of solid copper or steel conductor plated with copper which is enclosed in the metallic braid and metallic tape. This is entirely covered with an insulated protective outer jacket. These types of cables are used for computer networking and audio-video networking.
Fibre Optics Cable
There are these types of cables which transport optical data signals from an attached light source to the receiving device. We are pretty much aware of what is optical fibre and its uses in a wide variety of applications.
There are classified into 5 types of wire depending upon their purpose as follows:
- Triplex Wires
- Main Feeder Wires
- Panel Feed Wires
- Non-Metallic Sheathed Wires
- Single Strand Wires
Triplex Wires :
Triplex wires are usually used in single-phase service drop conductors, between the power pole and weather heads. They are composed of two insulated aluminum wires wrapped with a third bare wire which is used as a common neutral. The neutral is usually of a smaller gauge and grounded at both the electric meter and the transformer
Main Feeder Wires :
Main power feeder wires are the wires that connect the service weather head to the house. They’re made with stranded or solid THHN wire and the cable installed is 25% more than the load required.
Panel Feed Wires:
Panel feed cables are generally black insulated THHN wire. These are used to power the main junction box and the circuit breaker panels. Just like main power feeder wires, the cables should be rated for 25% more than the actual load.
Non-Metallic Sheathed Wires :
Non-metallic sheath wire, or Romex, is used in most homes and has 2-3 conductors, each with plastic insulation, and a bare ground wire. The individual wires are covered with another layer of non-metallic sheathing. Since it’s relatively cheaper and available in ratings for 15, 20 and 20 amps, this type is preferred for in-house wiring.
Single Strand Wires :
Single strand wire also uses THHN wire, though there are other variants. Each wire is separate and multiple wires can be drawn together through a pipe easily. Single strand wires are the most popular choice for layouts that use pipes to contain wires.
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